Chapter – 7th
Introduction to C and Basic Structure
of C Program Que1: Multiple Choice
Questions
1. C is a purpose programming language.
a. special b.
general c. objective d. None of these
2. Which of the following
is valid example of identifier?
a. roll_no b.
%age_marks c. rollno d. main
3.
Which of the followings are the tokens?
a. keywords b. special symbols c. Literals d. All of these
4. Which of the following
keywords do not represent a data type?
a. int b. float c. const d. char
5. are used to describe
a code in the program?
a. Compiler b. Comments c. Literals d. Identifiers Que:2
Fill in the Blanks:
1.
are the smallest individual
units of a program.
2.
The names given to program elements, such as variables,
constants, arrays, functions
etc. is called
3. Those program elements which do not allow changing their value during execution
are called
 |
4.
To work with single precision
values, we use data type.
5.
File extension of header files is
Ans: 1. Token 2. Identifier 3. Constant 4. float 5. .h
Que:3 Write the Full form of following:
1.
FORTRAN Formula Translation
2.
BCPL Basic Combined Programming Language
3.
IDE Integrated Development Environment
4.
stdio.h Standard Input Output Header file
5.
conio.h Console Input Output
Header file
6.
ASCII American Standard Code for Information Interchange
Que:4 Short Answer Type Questions.
Q1: Why C is called Middle Level Programming Language?
Ans: C has the functionality of both types of programming
languages, i.e. low-level and high-level programming
languages. It means C language is suitable for writing both types of programs -
system programs and application
programs. Thus C-Language became a programming language that stood between both low-level and high-level
programming languages. That is why C language is called middle level language. However, the middle level language is not
a special category of programming languages. Because
of the special capabilities of the C language, it is known as a middle level programming language.
Q2: What is a character
set?
Ans: The set of all characters and symbols used in the C
language is called the character set of C language.
The C language supports the ASCII character set. The following characters and
symbols can be used in C
language:
•
Upper-case and Lower-case
Alphabets (A to Z, a to z)
•
Digits (0 to 9)
•
Special
Symbols, For Example:
! @ # $ % ^ . ? / | \ etc.
•
Some Non-printable characters, For example: new-line,
horizontal-tab etc.
Q3: What are keywords?
Ans: Keywords are also called Reserve Words. These words
are predefined in C compiler. The meaning
of these words is predefined. They are used for the specific purpose for which
they were defined. We cannot change
their meaning. In Turbo C these words are shown in white color while in Code::Blocks these words are shown in blue
color. The standard C language has 32 keywords. For example: int, float, void, if, else, for, while etc. In C
programming, all keywords are written in lowercase letters only.
Q4: What should be the steps for
creating and executing C program? Ans: The following
steps can be used to create a C language
program:
1. Develop a program algorithm.
2. Create a C program
as per the algorithm using any text editor or IDE that supports C language.
3. Save the file by writing a file name with .c extension.
4. Compile the program.
5. If the program has a syntax error, correct it and repeat step 4.
6. Execute the program.
7. Output of program will appear in the output window. Q5: Write the difference
between variables and constants.
Ans: Both of these are important program elements that
are used to store a value in a program. Both
elements are given a name in the program and the type of value to be
stored in them. But there is a slight
difference between the two. Variables allow us to change their values while
running a program whereas constants do not allow
it. It means constant values are fixed while variable values are changeable.
Q6: What are Pre-processor directives?
Ans: Pre-processor instructions are those statements
that begin with the # symbol. These statements
give instructions to the compiler
to perform some specific
operations before compilation. These directive
statements are commonly used to include header files in the program or to
define symbolic constants. Here are some examples of commonly used pre-processors:
#include <stdio.h> #define PI 3.14
Que:5 Long Answer Type Questions.
Q1: What are Identifiers? Write the naming rules of identifiers.
Ans: Identifiers
are the names given to program
elements, such as variables, constants, arrays,
functions, structures, etc. Some rules are followed in C programs to
define the names of program elements. These rules are as follows:
•
The identifier must start with a letter or underscore (_) sign.
•
No special symbols,
except underscore (_), are allowed in the identifier.
•
Two consecutive underscores cannot be used in the identifier.
•
In Turbo C compiler, the length of the identifier is limited to 31 characters.
•
Keywords cannot be used as identifier.
•
Identifier are case-sensitive.
•
No spaces are allowed in the identifier.
Q2: What are Tokens? What are the different categories
of tokens that can be used in a program?
Ans: Tokens are like words and punctuation marks used in English. A C program
is made up of tokens.
Tokens are the smallest individual units in a program. A C program
can have the following five types of tokens:
 |
1. Keywords: These are predefined words. For example: int, float, char, if, else, void etc.
2. Identifier: These are the names given to program elements.
For example: main, printf, etc.
3. Literals: These are fixed values.
For example: 5, -25, 3.14, ‘A’ “Hello”
etc.
4. Operators: These are the symbols
for specific operations. For example: +, -, *, /,>, <, = etc.
5. Special symbols: These are the special symbols. For example:
#, &, { }, ( ), [ ], :, ; etc. Q3: What are the data types? Which primitive data types are supported by C language?
Ans: Data type defines what type of data is to be stored
in program elements, such as variables, constants,
arrays, etc. They define a specific range of values for variables or other
program elements. The C language
supports a variety of data types. The following table shows the different basic
data types available in the standard C language:
|
Keyword |
Description |
Memory Requirement |
Range of values |
Format |
|
char |
Used to store single byte/character data |
1 byte |
-128 to 127 |
%c |
|
int |
Used to store integer type data |
2 bytes |
-32768 to +32767 |
%d |
|
float |
Used to store single
precision floating values |
4 bytes |
3.4x10-38 to 3.4x10+38 |
%f |
|
double |
Used to store double precision floating values |
8 bytes |
1.7x10-308 to 1.7x10+308 |
%lf |
|
void |
Used with functions which do not return
any value |
- |
- |
- |
Q4: Explain the formatted input and output statements used in the C programs.
Ans: Input and output statements provide interaction between
users and programs.
The user provides
input to the program using the input
statement and the program
gives the output to the user using
the output statement. C programs usually use the scanf () and printf ()
functions for formatted input/output operations. These functions are part of the stdio.h header file. That's
why the header file stdio.h is
included in every C program. The following figure illustrates the purpose of input and output statements in C
programs:
Input function scanf (): In the C program, the scanf
() function is used to receive
data from a standard input device (i.e. keyboard). This
function can be used to input any number, single character or string values.
For example:
scanf (“%d %f”, &a, &b);
Output function printf (): In the C program, the printf () function is used to represent any information or value on the monitor (output) screen.
for example:
printf ("Hello from C Language"); printf (“%d %f”, a, b);
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