HTML Lesson 9 : HTML Basic Tags

 https://azacus.blogspot.com/2022/07/html9.html


HTML Images

HTML images are defined with the <img> tag.

The source file (src), alternative text (alt), width, and height are provided as attributes:

Example

<img src="w3schools.jpg" alt="W3Schools.com" width="104" height="142">

How to View HTML Source?

Have you ever seen a Web page and wondered "Hey! How did they do that?"

View HTML Source Code:

Right-click in an HTML page and select "View Page Source" (in Chrome) or "View Source" (in Edge), or similar in other browsers. This will open a window containing the HTML source code of the page.

Inspect an HTML Element:

Right-click on an element (or a blank area), and choose "Inspect" or "Inspect Element" to see what elements are made up of (you will see both the HTML and the CSS). You can also edit the HTML or CSS on-the-fly in the Elements or Styles panel that opens.



TagDescription
<!--...-->Defines a comment
<!DOCTYPE> Defines the document type
<a>Defines a hyperlink
<abbr>Defines an abbreviation or an acronym
<acronym>Not supported in HTML5. Use <abbr> instead.
Defines an acronym
<address>Defines contact information for the author/owner of a document
<applet>Not supported in HTML5. Use <embed> or <object> instead.
Defines an embedded applet
<area>Defines an area inside an image map
<article>Defines an article
<aside>Defines content aside from the page content
<audio>Defines embedded sound content
<b>Defines bold text
<base>Specifies the base URL/target for all relative URLs in a document
<basefont>Not supported in HTML5. Use CSS instead.
Specifies a default color, size, and font for all text in a document
<bdi>Isolates a part of text that might be formatted in a different direction from other text outside it
<bdo>Overrides the current text direction
<big>Not supported in HTML5. Use CSS instead.
Defines big text
<blockquote>Defines a section that is quoted from another source
<body>Defines the document's body
<br>Defines a single line break
<button>Defines a clickable button
<canvas>Used to draw graphics, on the fly, via scripting (usually JavaScript)
<caption>Defines a table caption
<center>Not supported in HTML5. Use CSS instead.
Defines centered text
<cite>Defines the title of a work
<code>Defines a piece of computer code
<col>Specifies column properties for each column within a <colgroup> element 
<colgroup>Specifies a group of one or more columns in a table for formatting
<data>Adds a machine-readable translation of a given content
<datalist>Specifies a list of pre-defined options for input controls
<dd>Defines a description/value of a term in a description list
<del>Defines text that has been deleted from a document
<details>Defines additional details that the user can view or hide
<dfn>Specifies a term that is going to be defined within the content
<dialog>Defines a dialog box or window
<dir>Not supported in HTML5. Use <ul> instead.
Defines a directory list
<div>Defines a section in a document
<dl>Defines a description list
<dt>Defines a term/name in a description list
<em>Defines emphasized text 
<embed>Defines a container for an external application
<fieldset>Groups related elements in a form
<figcaption>Defines a caption for a <figure> element
<figure>Specifies self-contained content
<font>Not supported in HTML5. Use CSS instead.
Defines font, color, and size for text
<footer>Defines a footer for a document or section
<form>Defines an HTML form for user input
<frame>Not supported in HTML5.
Defines a window (a frame) in a frameset
<frameset>Not supported in HTML5.
Defines a set of frames
<h1> to <h6>Defines HTML headings
<head>Contains metadata/information for the document
<header>Defines a header for a document or section
<hr>Defines a thematic change in the content
<html>Defines the root of an HTML document
<i>Defines a part of text in an alternate voice or mood
<iframe>Defines an inline frame
<img>Defines an image
<input>Defines an input control
<ins>Defines a text that has been inserted into a document
<kbd>Defines keyboard input
<label>Defines a label for an <input> element
<legend>Defines a caption for a <fieldset> element
<li>Defines a list item
<link>Defines the relationship between a document and an external resource (most used to link to style sheets)
<main>Specifies the main content of a document
<map>Defines an image map
<mark>Defines marked/highlighted text
<meta>Defines metadata about an HTML document
<meter>Defines a scalar measurement within a known range (a gauge)
<nav>Defines navigation links
<noframes>Not supported in HTML5.
Defines an alternate content for users that do not support frames
<noscript>Defines an alternate content for users that do not support client-side scripts
<object>Defines a container for an external application
<ol>Defines an ordered list
<optgroup>Defines a group of related options in a drop-down list
<option>Defines an option in a drop-down list
<output>Defines the result of a calculation
<p>Defines a paragraph
<param>Defines a parameter for an object
<picture>Defines a container for multiple image resources
<pre>Defines preformatted text
<progress>Represents the progress of a task
<q>Defines a short quotation
<rp>Defines what to show in browsers that do not support ruby annotations
<rt>Defines an explanation/pronunciation of characters (for East Asian typography)
<ruby>Defines a ruby annotation (for East Asian typography)
<s>Defines text that is no longer correct
<samp>Defines sample output from a computer program
<script>Defines a client-side script
<section>Defines a section in a document
<select>Defines a drop-down list
<small>Defines smaller text
<source>Defines multiple media resources for media elements (<video> and <audio>)
<span>Defines a section in a document
<strike>Not supported in HTML5. Use <del> or <s> instead.
Defines strikethrough text
<strong>Defines important text
<style>Defines style information for a document
<sub>Defines subscripted text
<summary>Defines a visible heading for a <details> element
<sup>Defines superscripted text
<svg>Defines a container for SVG graphics
<table>Defines a table
<tbody>Groups the body content in a table
<td>Defines a cell in a table
<template>Defines a container for content that should be hidden when the page loads
<textarea>Defines a multiline input control (text area)
<tfoot>Groups the footer content in a table
<th>Defines a header cell in a table
<thead>Groups the header content in a table
<time>Defines a specific time (or datetime)
<title>Defines a title for the document
<tr>Defines a row in a table
<track>Defines text tracks for media elements (<video> and <audio>)
<tt>Not supported in HTML5. Use CSS instead.
Defines teletype text
<u>Defines some text that is unarticulated and styled differently from normal text
<ul>Defines an unordered list
<var>Defines a variable
<video>Defines embedded video content
<wbr>Defines a possible line-break

HTML Lesson 8 - HTML Documents

 

HTML Documents

All HTML documents must start with a document type declaration: <!DOCTYPE html>.

The HTML document itself begins with <html> and ends with </html>.

The visible part of the HTML document is between <body> and </body>.

Example

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>

<h1>My First Heading</h1>
<p>My first paragraph.</p>

</body>
</html>


The <!DOCTYPE> Declaration

The <!DOCTYPE> declaration represents the document type, and helps browsers to display web pages correctly.

It must only appear once, at the top of the page (before any HTML tags).

The <!DOCTYPE> declaration is not case sensitive.

The <!DOCTYPE> declaration for HTML5 is:

<!DOCTYPE html>

HTML Headings

HTML headings are defined with the <h1> to <h6> tags.

<h1> defines the most important heading. <h6> defines the least important heading: 

Example

<h1>This is heading 1</h1>
<h2>This is heading 2</h2>
<h3>This is heading 3</h3>

HTML Paragraphs

HTML paragraphs are defined with the <p> tag:

Example

<p>This is a paragraph.</p>
<p>This is another paragraph.</p>


HTML Links

HTML links are defined with the <a> tag:

Example

<a href="https://www.w3schools.com">This is a link</a>

The link's destination is specified in the href attribute. 

Attributes are used to provide additional information about HTML elements.

You will learn more about attributes in a later chapter.

HTML Lesson 7 HTML Editors

 

HTML Editors

Learn HTML Using Notepad or TextEdit

Web pages can be created and modified by using professional HTML editors.

However, for learning HTML we recommend a simple text editor like Notepad (PC) or TextEdit (Mac).

We believe in that using a simple text editor is a good way to learn HTML.

Follow the steps below to create your first web page with Notepad or TextEdit.


Step 1: Open Notepad (PC)

Windows 8 or later:

Open the Start Screen (the window symbol at the bottom left on your screen). Type Notepad.

Windows 7 or earlier:

Open Start > Programs > Accessories > Notepad


Step 1: Open TextEdit (Mac)

Open Finder > Applications > TextEdit

Also change some preferences to get the application to save files correctly. In Preferences > Format > choose "Plain Text"

Then under "Open and Save", check the box that says "Display HTML files as HTML code instead of formatted text".

Then open a new document to place the code.


Step 2: Write Some HTML

Write or copy the following HTML code into Notepad:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>

<h1>My First Heading</h1>

<p>My first paragraph.</p>

</body>
</html>

Notepad


Step 3: Save the HTML Page

Save the file on your computer. Select File > Save as in the Notepad menu.

Name the file "index.htm" and set the encoding to UTF-8 (which is the preferred encoding for HTML files).

View in Browser

Tip: You can use either .htm or .html as file extension. There is no difference, it is up to you.


Step 4: View the HTML Page in Your Browser

Open the saved HTML file in your favorite browser (double click on the file, or right-click - and choose "Open with").

The result will look much like this:

View in Browser







HTML History

 

HTML History

Since the early days of the World Wide Web, there have been many versions of HTML:

YearVersion
1989Tim Berners-Lee invented www
1991Tim Berners-Lee invented HTML
1993Dave Raggett drafted HTML+
1995HTML Working Group defined HTML 2.0
1997W3C Recommendation: HTML 3.2
1999W3C Recommendation: HTML 4.01
2000W3C Recommendation: XHTML 1.0
2008WHATWG HTML5 First Public Draft
2012WHATWG HTML5 Living Standard
2014W3C Recommendation: HTML5
2016W3C Candidate Recommendation: HTML 5.1
2017W3C Recommendation: HTML5.1 2nd Edition
2017W3C Recommendation: HTML5.2

This tutorial follows the latest HTML5 standard.

HTML Page Structure

 

HTML Page Structure

Below is a visualization of an HTML page structure:

<html>
<head>
<title>Page title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>This is a heading</h1>
<p>This is a paragraph.</p>
<p>This is another paragraph.</p>
</body>
</html>

Note: The content inside the <body> section (the white area above) will be displayed in a browser. The content inside the <title> element will be shown in the browser's title bar or in the page's tab.

Learn HTML - Lesson 4 Web Browsers

 

Web Browsers

The purpose of a web browser (Chrome, Edge, Firefox, Safari) is to read HTML documents and display them correctly.

A browser does not display the HTML tags, but uses them to determine how to display the document:


HTML Element

 

What is an HTML Element?

An HTML element is defined by a start tag, some content, and an end tag:

<tagname> Content goes here... </tagname>

The HTML element is everything from the start tag to the end tag:

<h1>My First Heading</h1>
<p>My first paragraph.</p>
Start tagElement contentEnd tag
<h1>My First Heading</h1>
<p>My first paragraph.</p>
<br>nonenone

Note: Some HTML elements have no content (like the <br> element). These elements are called empty elements. Empty elements do not have an end tag!

My First HTML Document

 A Simple HTML Document  Example



<html>

<head>

<title>Page Title</title>

</head>

<body>


<h1>My First Heading</h1>

<p>My first paragraph.</p>


</body>

</html>




Example Explained

The  declaration defines that this document is an HTML5 document

The <html> element is the root element of an HTML page

The <head> element contains meta information about the HTML page

The <title> element specifies a title for the HTML page (which is shown in the browser's title bar or in the page's tab)

The <body> element defines the document's body, and is a container for all the visible contents, such as headings, paragraphs, images, hyperlinks, tables, lists, etc.

The <h1> element defines a large heading

The <p> element defines a paragraph</title></head></html></div>


HTML Lesson 1 HTML Introduction

HTML is the standard markup language for creating Web pages. What is HTML? HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language HTML is the standard markup language for creating Web pages HTML describes the structure of a Web page HTML consists of a series of elements HTML elements tell the browser how to display the content HTML elements label pieces of content such as "this is a heading", "this is a paragraph", "this is a link", etc. A Simple HTML Document Example Page Title

My First Heading

My first paragraph.